“The U.S. Virgin Islands are endowed with abundant renewable energy in the form of solar and wind, but they are heavily dependent on petroleum," Raghoo said. “To transform its energy sector toward more renewable energy, we need to look at a number of variables such as costs of technologies, technology constraints, demand and supply capabilities and different combinations of policies that can lead to the desired transformation."
Aside from data collection needs, the trip allowed the team to interact with energy experts and key stakeholders in the USVI which included scientists and engineers at the USVI Caribbean Green Technology Centre, utility professionals with the USVI Energy Agency and Utilities Commission and several local business leaders who could weigh in on the local energy situation.
Raghoo found the hands-on, in-person data collection experience to be a valuable supplement to what he has learned in his courses. The team gained first-hand experience with some of the challenges that the USVI is facing. “We experienced an 8-hour power outage on a busy workday, with no explanation from the utility providers. This itself tells you a lot about the frailties in the energy system of the USVI," Raghoo said.
The USVI has been made economically fragile due to Hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017, and the region is still recovering. This has increased demand for solar energy generation as households and local businesses alike seek more energy independence. Solar is the most in-demand technology, which makes long-term energy planning complex as households seek to become electricity generating sites rather than solely consumers of energy. But, adoption of solar technology remains low due to a variety of issues, including inconsistencies in local building regulations.
The research project was funded by a University of Delaware Research Funding grant through Shah's Island Policy Lab. Shah's work is focused on energy and environmental science-policy research for small island economies.
“As a society, we need radical changes to move toward more renewable energy and meet the terms of the Paris Agreement. This research will improve planning for these necessary changes in the USVI and could serve to inform planning and implementation in other locations as well," Shah said.
The research builds academic understanding of the issues and is also actively applied in the communities being studied. Shah was asked to apply his expertise by joining the USVI national expert task force and the National Renewable Energy Lab in developing a comprehensive strategic plan for energy needs in the USVI. He hopes to use some of the results from his ongoing research to inform the strategic plan and make it more effective and impactful long-term.
The scenarios developed in Shah and Raghoo's research, which were achieved through multi-stakeholder engagement, allowed for more realistic clean energy transition policy intervention models to be built. The results of these models show the effects of declining costs of solar and wind energy in the USVI, and shows that wind offers the maximum potential benefit to the country. Commercial solar presents the next best option to augment wind energy and optimize renewable energy by 2050. The models incorporated data on energy grid disruptions due to potential hurricane activity, which is always a concern in the region.
Shah plans to return to the USVI and was also invited to present his research to government agencies in the British Virgin Islands in the summer of 2022.
